In the US the Supreme Court has ruled that oil majors cannot refer cases to it, that they must be heard in state courts. State courts are thought to be more receptive to the plaintiffs, cities etc, bringing these cases.

A similar ruling on tobacco cases changed the whole way cigarettes/tobacco was marketed and sold in the US.

https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/apr/25/experts-hail-decision-us-climate-lawsuits-advance