freediver
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Top down model of constraint, complexity and sustainability
The basic concept of this model was suggested to me by Richard Sanders.
Under this model, the complexity of our lives and the limitations on our freedom arise from constraints imposed by the limitations of sustainability. Where most people imagine that individuals have the most freedom and that society is constrained by this, the model demonstrates how the individual is the most contrained element in the system.
An individual person is constrained by the economy, the society and the ecology (ie the environment). Similarly, the economy is constrained by the society and the ecology. Finally, the society as a whole is constrained by the ecology.
This model captures the increasingly strict limitations on individual freedoms as societies grow and become more complex. In the simplest hunter-gatherer societies, people have the most freedom and are only constrained by the ecology – by the struggle for life and death. As people group together into extended families, tribes, villages etc, limited career specialisation takes place. The society must impose limitations on individuals in order to function. This is necessary for people to live together in larger, denser groups. Murder for example becomes taboo, and eventually complex laws arise to deal with this. Private ownership and the concept of theft begins to arise. These laws remain today and are generally regarded as moral or ethical bounds. The soceity functions on trust, reputation and social feedback. The society as well as the individual is still constrained by the ecology, by the society places new constraints upon the individual and makes their life more complicated. Individuals are bound not only by the constraints inherent in nature and the need to live sustainably withing the ecology, but are also constrained by the need to sustain the society on which they now depend. Failure to live in a way that sustains both the ecology and the society results in people dying, the collapse of the society, and a return to the simpler lifestyle governed only by ecological constraints.
As societies become larger and denser, more complexity arises. The society can no longer function on trust, reputation and social feedback alone and an economic system must be introduced to handle the fair exchange and distribution of goods. This economic system must function within constraints imposed by both the society and the ecology. That is, it must not undermine them if it is to work. It must be sustainable. It imposes further restrictions on individuals and adds to the complexity of their lives. Eventually more abstract concepts of value (ie money) are invented or imposed on people, to the extent that people work for 'imaginary' wealth. People's basic needs are met by increasingly complex networks of exchange. The actions of individuals must be sustainable from an economic, social and ecological perspective. New laws which restrict people's freedom must be imposed for the good of not only the ecology and the society, but also to support the economy.
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