Energy consumption[edit]
Artificial lighting consumes a significant part of all electrical energy consumed worldwide. In homes and offices from 20 to 50 percent of total energy consumed is due to lighting.[23] For some buildings, over 90 percent of lighting energy consumed can be unnecessary due to over-illumination[23] and to the use of inefficient lighting technologies. According to the UN Environment Programme/Global Environment Facility en.lighten initiative, by simply replacing all incandescent lamps with energy efficient compact fluorescent lamps globally, 409 TWh per year would be saved, approximately 2.5% of global electricity consumption and equivalent to the combined yearly electricity consumption of the United Kingdom and Denmark.[24] Thus lighting represents a critical component of energy use today, especially in large office buildings. Several strategies are available to minimize energy requirements in any building:

Specification of illumination requirements for each given use area.
Analysis of lighting quality to ensure that adverse components of lighting (for example, glare or incorrect color spectrum) are not biasing the design.
Integration of space planning and interior architecture (including choice of interior surfaces and room geometries) to lighting design.
Design of time of day use that does not expend unnecessary energy.
Selection of fixture and lamp types that reflect best available technology for energy conservation.
Training of building occupants to use lighting equipment in most efficient manner.
Maintenance of lighting systems to minimize energy wastage.
Use of natural light
Some big box stores were being built from 2006 on with numerous plastic bubble skylights, in many cases completely obviating the need for interior artificial lighting for many hours of the day.
In countries where indoor lighting of simple dwellings is a significant cost, "Moser lamps", plastic water-filled transparent drink bottles fitted through the roof, provide the equivalent of a 40- to 60-watt incandescent bulb each during daylight.[25]
Load shedding can help reduce the power requested by individuals to the main power supply. Load shedding can be done on an individual level, at a building level, or even at a regional level.
Specification of illumination requirements is the basic concept of deciding how much illumination is required for a given task. Clearly, much less light is required to illuminate a hallway or bathroom compared to that needed for a word processing work station. Generally speaking, the energy expended is proportional to the design illumination level. For example, a lighting level of 80 footcandles might be chosen for a work environment involving meeting rooms and conferences, whereas a level of 40 footcandles could be selected for building hallways. If the hallway standard simply emulates the conference room needs, then twice the amount of energy will be consumed as is needed for hallways. Unfortunately, most of the lighting standards even today have been specified by industrial groups who manufacture and sell lighting, so that a historical commercial bias exists in designing most building lighting, especially for office and industrial settings.

Daylighting[edit]
Main article: Daylighting
Daylighting is the oldest method of interior lighting. Daylighting is simply designing a space to use as much natural light as possible. This decreases energy consumption and costs, and requires less heating and cooling from the building. Daylighting has also been proven to have positive effects on patients in hospitals as well as work and school performance. Due to a lack of information that indicate the likely energy savings, daylighting schemes are not yet popular among most buildings.

silverado6x6 wrote on Feb 28^th, 2015 at 9:34pm:


yes very interesting

the arc and dispensation of light

and so it is

namaste

- : ) =

SweetLambo wrote on Feb 28^th, 2015 at 9:37pm:


many blessings

are you genuine or are you stuttering before your next abuse session ?

you will be forgiven fear not

namaste

- : ) =

Environmental issues[edit]
Kerosene and whale-oil lamps

In 1849, Dr. Abraham Gesner, a Canadian geologist, devised a method where kerosene could be distilled from petroleum. Earlier coal-gas methods had been used for lighting since the 1820s, but they were expensive. Gesner's kerosene was cheap, easy to produce, could be burned in existing lamps, and did not produce an offensive odor as did most whale oil. It could be stored indefinitely, unlike whale oil, which would eventually spoil. The American petroleum boom began in the 1850s. By the end of the decade there were 30 kerosene plants operating in the United States. The cheaper, more efficient fuel began to drive whale oil out of the market. John D. Rockefeller was most responsible for the commercial success of kerosene. He set up a network of kerosene distilleries which would later become Standard Oil, thus completely abolishing the need for whale-oil lamps.[40] These types of lamps may catch fire or emit carbon-monoxide and sometimes are odorous making them problematic for asthmatic people.

Compact fluorescent lamps

Compact fluorescent lamps (aka 'CFLs') use less power to supply the same amount of light as an incandescent lamp, however they contain mercury which is a dispose hazard. Due to the ability to reduce electric consumption, many organizations have undertaken measures to encourage the adoption of CFLs. Some electric utilities and local governments have subsidized CFLs or provided them free to customers as a means of reducing electric demand. For a given light output, CFLs use between one fifth and one quarter of the power of an equivalent incandescent lamp. One of the simplest and quickest ways for a household or business to become more energy efficient is to adopt CFLs as the main lamp source, as suggested by the Alliance for Climate Protection. Unlike incandescent lamps CFL's need a little time to 'warm up' and reach full brightness. Care should be taken when selecting CFL's because not all of them are suitable for dimming.

LED lamps

LED lamps have been advocated as the newest and best environmental lighting method.[41] According to the Energy Saving Trust, LED lamps use only 10% power compared to a standard incandescent bulb, where compact fluorescent lamps use 20% and energy saving halogen lamps 70%. The lifetime is also much longer — up to 50,000 hours. A downside is still the initial cost, which is higher than that of compact fluorescent lamps.

Professional organizations[edit]
International[edit]
The International Commission on Illumination (CIE) is an international authority and standard defining organization on color and lighting. Publishing widely used standard metrics such as various CIE color spaces and the color rendering index.

The Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA), in conjunction with organizations like ANSI and ASHRAE, publishes guidelines, standards, and handbooks that allow categorization of the illumination needs of different built environments. Manufacturers of lighting equipment publish photometric data for their products, which defines the distribution of light released by a specific luminaire. This data is typically expressed in standardized form defined by the IESNA.

The International Association of Lighting Designers (IALD) is an organization which focuses on the advancement of lighting design education and the recognition of independent professional lighting designers. Those fully independent designers who meet the requirements for professional membership in the association typically append the abbreviation IALD to their name.

The Professional Lighting Designers Association (PLDA), formerly known as ELDA is an organisation focusing on the promotion of the profession of Architectural Lighting Design. They publish a monthly newsletter and organise different events throughout the world.

The National Council on Qualifications for the Lighting Professions (NCQLP) offers the Lighting Certification Examination which tests rudimentary lighting design principles. Individuals who pass this exam become ‘Lighting Certified’ and may append the abbreviation LC to their name. This certification process is one of three national (U.S.) examinations (the others are CLEP and CLMC) in the lighting industry and is open not only to designers, but to lighting equipment manufacturers, electric utility employees, etc.

The Professional Lighting And Sound Association (PLASA) is a UK-based trade organisation representing the 500+ individual and corporate members drawn from the technical services sector. Its members include manufacturers and distributors of stage and entertainment lighting, sound, rigging and similar products and services, and affiliated professionals in the area. They lobby for and represent the interests of the industry at various levels, interacting with government and regulating bodies and presenting the case for the entertainment industry. Example subjects of this representation include the ongoing review of radio frequencies (which may or may not affect the radio bands in which wireless microphones and other devices use) and engaging with the issues surrounding the introduction of the RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive) regulations.

National[edit]
Association de Concepteurs Eclairage (ACE) in France.
Illuminating Engineering Society (IES) in United States.
American Lighting Association (ALA) in United States.
Associazione Professionisti dell'Illuminazione (APIL) in Italy.
Hellenic Illumination Committee (HIC) in Greece.
Indian Society of Lighting Engineers (ISLE)
Institution of Lighting Engineers (ILE) in United Kingdom.
Schweizerische Licht Gesellschaft (SLG) in Switzerland.
Society of Light and Lighting (SLL), part of the Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers in United Kingdom.
United Scenic Artists Local 829 (USA829), membership for Lighting Designers as a category, with Scenic Designers, Projection Designers, Costume Designers, and Sound Designers, in the United States

Asserting Your Whole Self- Lady Nada ~ February 26 – March 3, 2015 by: Julie Miller

http://federazionegalatticadiluce.blogspot.it/

Ascended Master, Lady Nada’s Weekly Message ~ February 26 – March 3, 2015 received by Julie Miller February 26, 2015   Beautiful Bright Hearts, when you consider the meaning of self-esteem and self-confidence, are sometimes confused by their individual meaning or think they mean the same thing? Even though self-esteem does effect self-confidence, they are not the same.   Most of you by now have an understanding of what self-esteem is, but there are a few among you that misunderstand its difference to self-confidence.

What self-esteem is, is your own personal evaluation of you self-worth…in other words, how you think of yourself. It is true that self-esteem is primarily based on what you believe in regards to your own personal value and of your own emotional and mental perception of those very beliefs. Do you think you are capable of meeting personal goals or do you think you are incapable?

If you consider yourself capable of achieving personal goals, regardless how long they take then Beautiful Bright Hearts the relating emotions and feelings correspond to feelings of pride or accomplishment. Yet if you believe that you are unable to achieve any of your personal goals, then what you are anchoring is feelings of sadness, helplessness, even despair or indignity.   Self-esteem can be observed in as little as one area of your life, or you can become aware of many instances where your self-esteem is either weak or strong.

If you believe you are a good cook, and feel proud of this knowing, what you are basically doing is broadening your experience every time you prepare, cook and serve your meals. Believing in your goodness and feeling satisfied with yourself rewards you more than anyone’s praise.   The dear souls that have healthy a self-esteem often demonstrate self-respect, self-love, integrity for themselves and a great knowing and acceptance of their whole self. They are not striving to be perfect, they are striving to be whole and complete. Sometimes dear souls that demonstrate a healthy self-esteem come across as self-centered. Their ego gets in the way of their true, genuine light. A little humility every once in a while, that comes when one least expects it, is a great way to re-center and bring forth a more humbled nature.   

Self-confidence, on the other-hand Beautiful Bright Hearts is a measurement of the beliefs you have over your own judgment, decisions, skills, talents and abilities. A self-confident individual may also incorporate various levels of any future performance and action that they expect and assume from themselves. Self-confidence is closely connected to being self-assured…it’s about what you think you can actually do or attain.   One of the biggest threats to your personal or spiritual success is your fear of failure or of making a mistake.

If you are truly confident with your whole self, then you are well aware of what you can do and what you cannot and you have the ability to apply pure concentrated focus into your efforts to ensure success in the directions you have chosen to walk. Mistakes don’t weaken you, they provide you with detailed information of what not to do.   Even through self-esteem and self-confidence distinctively different, they are also connected and go hand-in-hand, and you can utilize them at the same time.

One is not more important than the other; each has an important part in whatever goal you have planned for yourself to reach. In order to truly satisfied, happy and to live full and whole you need to have a healthy balance of both. 

Love is in control

There are many situations in life when you can be fairly certain of the outcome of your choices. If you do “X” you know you will get “Y.” If you touch a hot stove, you will burn your fingers. If you attempt a kind conversation with an unkind soul it is unlikely to turn out differently. If you plant roses and water them, they are likely to reward you with beautiful blossoms! If you get on the road with the right set of directions you are likely to arrive at your destination.

However, not everything in life is within your control, and most human beings find that a source of great agony. Instead, it can be a source of great joy! Rejoice! You do not have to control everything in your life! If you get in your car and find there is a detour on the road, or if you aim a certain direction in life and God steers you in a different one, rejoice! There is something better than you even dreamed or imagined. Trust, dear ones. Trust that you can make wise choices, based on what you know, but when you choose from the heart, then you will be assured of the best possible outcomes in life.

It is human nature when you “hit a detour” to feel you have failed or life has failed you. Your heart guides you into a relationship that doesn’t work and you start to give up on every finding love. Your heart guides you into a business partnership but it doesn’t go the way you want and you start giving up on the vision you had for your career. Instead dear ones, trust. Trust that the power that moves the stars in the heavens is taking you on a journey where the only destination IS love, self expression, joy, and an abundant experience of life.

Keep your heart open. Keep listening to your heart. In almost every fairy tale and archetypal myth, there is a grand vision at the beginning, unexpected twists and turns of fate, seemingly insurmountable obstacles, and then a wondrous and beautiful plan emerges until the main character finds himself or herself arriving at a happy ending. If you keep trusting in God, in life, in love, and in your own heart, then you will have not just a happy ending, but a happy life that continues on into eternity.

http://angelmessages.visionsofheaven.com/