abu_rashid wrote on Sep 12
th, 2010 at 2:56pm:
Karnal,
Are you referring to the Ottoman quelling of the Assyrian & Armenian rebels who'd been incited by the Russians to fight against their own state? If so, then how can the Ottomans really be criticised for that? anyway my point still stands, there was no concept of a Turkish homeland and then imperial possessions. Assyrians, Armenians, Copts etc. were all full citizens of the Osmanli state, and all were free to live in Constantinople or in which ever part of the state they chose (except al-Hijaz, which was a consecrated sanctuary for Muslims only).
This is not even remotely similar to any other state which was considered an empire.
Sure, but the Assyrians weren't free to escape the first modern, systematic genocide of the 20th century now were they? Surely you're not seriously defending this just because they were Muslims. I don't know many Germans who'd defend the Third Reich - a few members of this board perhaps...
You do raise a really important point about empires, and I'm happy to accept your argument on the Ottoman empire at face value. However, I think it's a mistake to see the Dutch, British or even the current "pax Americana" as empires. What these "empires" have done, in succession, is lead the process of global capitalism - and obviously exploit it to their own advantage.
But this exploitation does not, in itself, make an empire. An empire extorts lesser states, kingdoms or fiefdoms in the promise of protection, the
Pax Romana as an example. It's a relationship based on brute force and taxation. Since the 16th century, successive states have arisen to lead capitalism, a completely different process to the imperial dominions of the past. They have acted to protect capitalism itself, which is essentially America's role today. It doesn't go into Iraq or Vietnam or Korea for its own sake. It does it to take care of business. The business of America, just like the British and Dutch before them, is business, and it's their business because the centre of global trade is based primarily within their borders.
The Ottomans were on the periphery of the economic core in the late 19th century, when the British led the way. I'll accept your argument that their domination wasn't merely about extorting surplus crops - although I have some doubts about this. Their place was the traditional form of empire, where they dominated lesser kingdoms and took them under their protection in return for favours, largely in the form of taxes on trade, given their control of important trading routes.
The Ottoman Turks weren't some pious, devoted Muslim utopia in the service of the people. Like all great powers, they relied on the rack and the iron maiden (or in recent Turkish history, the car battery, thumbscrews, and all the rest). Thank God they've changed into a secular state. Thank God they've ousted the military.
All great powers are corrupt to the core. They have to be to remain in power. There is no return to a golden age of brotherhood - especially at the global level. Sure, a handful of communities living simple lives, with decisions made by those you live with. But a global caliphate? Might as well bring back Stalinism and learn to live with the rack.