The 2008 roster of leading Alpha, Beta and Gamma world cities is reproduced below; see the source for the complete roster:[29][30]

   * Alpha++ world cities:
         o New York, London

   * Alpha+ world cities:
         o Hong Kong, Paris, Singapore, Tokyo, Sydney, Milan, Shanghai, Beijing

   * Alpha world cities:
         o Madrid, Moscow, Seoul, Toronto, Brussels, Buenos Aires, Mumbai, Kuala Lumpur, Chicago

   * Alpha− world cities:
         o Warsaw, São Paulo, Zürich, Amsterdam, Mexico City, Jakarta, Dublin, Bangkok, Taipei, Istanbul, Rome, Lisbon, Frankfurt am Main, Stockholm, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Athens, Caracas, Los Angeles, Auckland, Santiago

   * Beta+ world cities:
         o Washington, Melbourne, Johannesburg, Tel Aviv, Barcelona, San Francisco, Atlanta, Manila, Bogotá, New Delhi, Dubai, Bucharest

   * Beta world cities:
         o Oslo, Berlin, Helsinki, Geneva, Copenhagen, Riyadh, Hamburg, Cairo, Luxembourg, Bangalore, Dallas, Kuwait City, Boston

   * Beta− world cities:
         o Munich, Jeddah, Miami, Lima, Kiev, Houston, Guangzhou, Beirut, Karachi, Düsseldorf, Sofia, Montevideo, Nicosia, Rio de Janeiro, Ho Chi Minh City

   * Gamma+ world cities:
         o Montreal, Nairobi, Bratislava, Panama City, Chennai, Brisbane, Casablanca, Denver, Quito, Stuttgart, Vancouver, Zagreb, Manama, Guatemala City, Cape Town, San José, Minneapolis, Santo Domingo, Seattle

   * Gamma world cities:
         o Ljubljana, Shenzhen, Perth, Kolkata, Guadalajara, Antwerp, Philadelphia, Rotterdam, Amman, Portland, Lagos

   * Gamma− world cities:
         o Detroit, Manchester, Wellington, Riga, Guayaquil, Edinburgh, Porto, San Salvador, St. Petersburg, Tallinn, Port Louis, San Diego, Islamabad, Birmingham, Doha, Calgary, Almaty, Columbus

I'm not sure what to think of this. How is it possibly on the same level as Toyko or Paris?