Soren wrote on Apr 28
th, 2012 at 5:56pm:
Actually, Deceus was the first emperor who expressly wanted to halt and reverse the moral decline of multicultural Rome. He wanted to restore the martial traditions of Rome by decreeing that everyone should sacrifice to the gods of the Roman pantheon. This made the position of the Christians very awkward. Most refused and were killed, including the Bishop of Rome. Those who went along had a problem on their hands when they went to their bishops for forgiveness. Deceus caused quite a lot of internal difficulty for the early church.
In any case, the Roman Empire survived until 1453, until the fall of Constantinople/Byzantium. That too happened because of moral weakness.
And Gibbon is a very good source - alas, most people who introduce him into discussions have not read him. He is available at Audible, BTW, if you are so inclined while driving around.
http://mobile.audible.com/search.htm?type=search&cache=1&author=Edward+Gibbon I've read all the old historians, including Gibbon and Mommsen, who compared to Gibbon is incredibly modern.
They share a certain romantic naivety and both swallowed Livy, hook line and sinker. Modern historians tend to take into account the revisionist context within which Livy operated. The same can be said of Zosimus (the primary source for the period in question) to some extent.
Now Decius himself was bestowed with the honorific, "Traianus", which illustrated the prevailing Roman ideals of conquest. They still aspired to this paradigm, although there was nothing left to conquer and loot and the empire of the time was slowly decaying from within. They failed to update their business model. That was their main reason for economic collapse. Sack loot and rape 101 just didn't work any more.
The original Trajan was a classic example of the modus operandi of Rome. Dacia and later Parthia was his source of his personal wealth and his perceived success. It had nothing to do with forming institutions and legal systems, or improved governance, all of which the Romans inherited from the Etruscans several centuries prior. Gibbon quite liked him too. He rated him as number 2 in his top 5 Emperors.
By the time it came to Decius (an Illyrian from the territory of modern day Slovenia), there were no more large territories to conquer. It was all he could do to sort out the various revolts that were breaking out across the empire. It wasn't until about 100 years later that Christianity became the official religion of Rome, and it was a very different religion, with more similarities to the cult of Bacchus and other mystery cults such as Mithraism than modern day Christianity. It just gradually became the mystery cult with the most influence (and the most thugs).
Most of Pompeii had not even been excavated by the time of Gibbon. Gibbon (and Mommsen) are more interesting from a historiography sense than anything else.
Edward Gibbon (1737-1794)
Quote:He is available at Audible, BTW, if you are so inclined while driving around.
I won't be doing so much of that from June onwards. My setting with then be more (regional) urban than rural. I'll be working for evil fossil fuel