NDFB claims to be a representative of the Bodo people, who form around 10% of Assam's population. The main grievances of the group are the under-development in the region and the influx of immigrants. It aims to address these issues by seceding from India, and establishing a sovereign Bodoland.[2] The NDFB constitution, adopted on 10 March 1998, lists its objectives as the following:[3]

• Liberate Bodoland from the Indian expansionism and occupation;
• Free the Bodo nation from the colonialist exploitation, oppression and domination;
• Establish a Democratic Socialist Society to promote Liberty, Equality and Fraternity; and
• Uphold the integrity and sovereignty of Bodoland

The promotion of the Roman script for the Bodo language is also a significant demand of NDFB. The group's members are mostly Christians, and are opposed to the use of Devanagari script for the Bodo language.[3]