Karnal
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The nuclear family was invented by the Victorians, as everybody knows.
Traditional families are extended families - parents, kids, uncles, aunts, grandparents, in-laws, etc, everyone living under the same roof.
The nuclear family - two parents with kids - is a Protestant, post-industrial phenomenon. We've whittled this down further to one parent with kids. As women entered the workforce and obtained better incomes, it became possible for families to live with one parent. As child-care was rolled out throughout the developed world, it became even more possible - without the assistance of extended family members.
The nuclear family is unique to capitalism. It's unknown in most developing countries. There, extended families are the bedrock of rural communities and villages. Poor families there can't aspire to social mobility or higher incomes. Having no access to savings or capital, families produce children, which gives them more labour. Marriages are often arranged by parents, which cements community connections and extends families even more. Large, extended families are able to become more prosperous.
As countries develop, however, people move to cities and a middle class emerges. In cities, people live within an industrial model. As people are educated in cities and become middle class, the nuclear family gradually takes over the extended family model of the village. They have two children. Grandparents and in-laws drop away. The values of the village - collectivism, family loyalty and even blood feuds, dissipate. Couples aspire to the values of the individual, namely personal autonomy, away from the surveillance and social control implicit in village life.
In the city, social control is self-regulated. In the village, it's regulated by parents and elders - right down to who people can marry and associate with. In most parts of the world, including Australia, the nuclear family is less than a hundred years old. In regions of massive growth, like China, it's less than 40 years old.
The rise of the nuclear family as the dominant economic model is one of the biggest social changes capitalism has delivered.
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