'Under the ASCM:
A subsidy shall be deemed to exist if:
(a)(1) there is a financial contribution by a government or any public body
within the territory of a Member (referred to in this Agreement as
“government”), i.e. where:
(i) a government practice involves a direct transfer of funds (e.g.
grants, loans, and equity infusion), potential direct transfers of
funds or liabilities (e.g. loan guarantees);
(ii) government revenue that is otherwise due is foregone or not
collected (e.g. fiscal incentives such as tax credits);(iii) a government provides goods or services other than general
infrastructure, or purchases goods;
(iv) a government makes payments to a funding mechanism, or
entrusts or directs a private body to carry out one or more of the
type of functions illustrated in (i) to (iii) above which would
normally be vested in the government and the practice, in no real
sense, differs from practices normally followed by governments;'
https://www.iisd.org/gsi/sites/default/files/pb5_defining.pdfFuel tax credits and capital allowances that forego taxes.