.................Since 2011, the AKP has increased restrictions on freedom of speech, freedom of the press, Internet use,[95] television content,[96] and the right to free assembly.[97] It has also developed links with Turkish media groups, and used administrative and legal measures (including, in one case, a $2.5 billion tax fine) against critical media groups and journalists: "over the last decade the AKP has built an informal, powerful, coalition of party-affiliated businessmen and media outlets whose livelihoods depend on the political order that Erdoğan is constructing. Those who resist do so at their own risk."[98]

The government has been seen by certain constituencies as increasingly Islamist and authoritarian,[99][100][101] An education reform strengthening Islamic elements and courses in public primary and high schools was approved by the parliament in 2012, with Erdoğan saying that he wanted to foster a "pious generation."[102] The sale and consumption of alcohol in university campuses has been banned.[88][103] People have been given jail sentences for blasphemy.[104][105]

While construction in Turkey has boomed and has been a major driver for the economy, this has involved little to no local consultation. For example, major construction projects in Istanbul have been "opposed by widespread coalitions of diverse interests. Yet in every case, the government has run roughshod over the projects' opponents in a dismissive manner, asserting that anyone who does not like what is taking place should remember how popular the AKP has been when elections roll around."[98] Corruption concerns have also been raised, particularly relating to the Kanal İstanbul.[106].............