Auggie
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Ok, so in response to your request, FD, to comment on this topic, here is my view.
In Chapter 9 and such other chapters, there are two important distinctions to make:
First, there are Punishment stories where God punishes people for disbelieving, etc. This is not the problem in my view because if you just simply had those verses then people would say: "ah ok, so God will punish them when they die...." kind of in much the same way as Christians believe.
Where the issue becomes a problem in my view is that many verses call 'other people' to kill, slay or fight disbelievers. Obviously, these verses are troubling.
Again, I invite you to think about the following logic: does God deliver punishment and death to people, or do people do it on behalf of God? My view of God (despite being an Atheist) is that God can only determine who dies, not a human being.
The conclusion therefor is that the verses that call the person or reader to take up arms, or to slay the idolators, were written contextually and referring to specific groups of people at the time. Even if it weren't specific and was 'universal', the question then has to become: "why would God provide divine punishment, only then to encourage people to do His 'dirty work for Him'? One then has to question the nature of 'calling to fight' verses and whether or not these are reflective of God's nature or not? Even if you argue that God dictated the verse (which I don't understand why that is the case), then the conclusion must be that it is contextual. -- Now, I'm willing to concede that many Islamists or persons who find the Quran true believe that God 'can change His mind' because he is God. True, but why would He if God is omniscient? That's why I encourage you to use this logic when debating (if you do) with Muslims.
Even if you want to argue that the entire Quran is the Word of God, then the Medinan verses are contextual for that time and do not have universal application. -- So, the base logic is this:
1) God is benevolent, omnipotent, and omniscient;
2) If God is benevolent, then God would not command one of his creation to slay another of his creation. He would not encourage the physical harm of one of his creation toward another one of his creation. He would not prescribe a lower status to women given that they are also His creation.
3) If God is omnipotent, then He can end anyone's life without justification. If this is the case, then why would He have any need to command one of His creation to murder or harm another one of His creation?
4) If God is omniscient, then why would He prescribe instructions on how to live life that is applicable for all time, if God knew in the 7th Century that in 2006 the iPhone would be invented (and other things) thereby fundamentally transforming social organization. Therefore, God would only prescribe instructions on how to live based on the context and the needs of the time.
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