The environment affects how we behave. For e.g. an instrumental factor in the development of early urbanization was a food surplus. The agricultural revolution, as a result of the domestication of certain animals which did not exist on the Australian continent, led to a greater productive capacity in agriculture. The food surplus then led to a division of labour, and urbanization, which then led to writing, etc.
The Australia and American continents didn't have cattle. African had cattle but the tropical diseases affected the cattle so much that they were hardly effective. This prevented the Africans from having the capacity to create a food surplus and thereafter urbanized societies. [/quote]
so how did the aztecs, maya and incas develop farming, crops, bridges, roads, urbanization, pyramids etc? i don't deny the environment plays a part, often a very big part, but you don't even have humans without biology. forget the far-leftists and their screeching of 'biology = nazism'. think about it objectively.
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They developed farming, crops, bridges, roads, urbanisation, pyramids, and so on because they were situated in the right place at the right time when such things could be developed, CW. Why did the British develop stone circles? Why did the Indian civilisations develop crops? Why did the Asians develop music? Nothing to do with biology, all to do with circumstances.

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Interesting to compare domestication of animals across cultures. In South America, they may not have had critters of the bovine variety, but they certainly had Llamas for carrying goods, lets not forget.
In Australia..? there were no animals that could fill that role. The aboriginal people have managed to survive for tens of thousands of years in an environment we could not have lived in. What the basic simplicity of their lives meant, before the white man, was that their energies were on a whole other level.
I think that is why the euros are so hard on the aboriginal people.
Why? Because, in the essence of life, the aboriginals of Australia have / had achieved a singular near perfect symbiosis with their environment. So.. in Australia..? the aboriginals made a real enduring culture, in the toughest of circumstances.
We are in fact in awe of the realities and richness of their supposedly simple lives.
We have basically destroyed their world, but they still continue.
Good on them.. they show much more of the 'right stuff' than any jerk on a keyboard.