This Topic has based itself on the 'pain' felt by Animals and if they do or not (or course they do
)
But what about MENTAL pain?
One good example is Tilikum the Orca (Killer Dolphin)
Where the trainer would
punish Tilikum by refusing to give him his Mackeral if he did something wrong (like not jump through hoops for her).
Then one day, the Trainer did something wrong (forgot to give him his Mackeral when he did something 'right'.
So he punished her!
Lept up and grabbed her by the ponytail while her back was turned and dragged her underwater and drowned her (wether he knew she would drown or not...?).
It's a good example of 'Mental' abuse or pain.
In a species that has a far more highly developed brain (ie: has more potential than the human brain) than our Human one. A brain, that - if we learned to communicate effectively with Orca, it might be our undoing and we will become 'their slaves'
So obviously Orca (and if you learn about the Eden Orca and how 'trust, bargain, betrayal, lies' come into it) - know the concept of lies, falsehood ...mental abuse.