Relationship with Water

Abstract: We revisit the notion of climate, along with its historical evolution, tracing the origin of the modern concerns about climate. The notion (and the scientific term) of climate was established during the Greek antiquity in a geographical context and it acquired its statistical content (average weather) in modern times after meteorological measurements had become common. Yet the modern definitions of climate are seriously affected by the wrong perception of the previous two centuries that climate should regularly be constant, unless an external agent acts upon it. Therefore, we attempt to give a more rigorous definition of climate,consistent with the modern body of stochastics. We illustrate the definition by real-world data,which also exemplify the large climatic variability. Given this variability, the term “climate change”turns out to be scientifically unjustified. Specifically, it is a pleonasm as climate, like weather, has been ever-changing. Indeed,a historical investigation reveals that the aim in using that term is not scientific but political. Within the political aims, water  issues  have  been greatly promoted by projecting future  catastrophes  while reversing true roles and causality directions. For this reason,we provide arguments that water is the main element that drives climate,and not the opposite.

Edit : ConclusionsGiven  the  hot  and  polarized  discussions  and  actions  about  climate,  it canbe anticipated that many readers would find this paper useless, if not harmful. Actually, one of  theaims  of  the paper  is to  show  that  polarization  stems  from  political,  rather  than scientific, roots. Many scientists have paralleled their scientific profession with political aims (cf.“Marches for Science”). At the same time,mixing up science with politics has been promoted by many as a positive development. In contrast, this paper tries to promote the  ancient  idealof science  being  separated  from  other  interests,  such  as economicor political. It is recalled that Plato and Aristotle clarified the meaning and the ethical value of science as the pursuit of the truth; pursuit that is not driven by political and economic interests.  For  the  latter,  they  used differentterms,sophist(σοφιστής)  andsophistry(σοφιστεία) [30,111–113].In modern politics, fuzzy language and subjectivity may be desirable as theyserve several  purposes  such  as  inclusiveness  anddiffusion  of  responsibility.In  contrast,  in science, the desiderata arerigour,clarity and objectivity. These desiderata may attributesome  usefulness tothispaperin  clarifying  concepts  related  to  climate  and  water.Arguably, there is a strong need for such clarification if we acceptthatpolitical influencesshould be left out.Specifically, the current definitions of climate do not highlight its nonstatic nature. Rather,  they  imply  a  static  climate,  as  already  analysed  (Section  3).  Hopefully,  the definition  proposed  and  illustrated  here  (Section  4),  which  highlights  the  stochastic character  of  climate,could  be  useful  to  dispel  this  fallacyor,  at  least,  provoke  some discussion toward a more rigorous definition. By dispelling the fallacy, the term “climate change” would hopefully disappear from the scientific vocabulary and remainwhere it exactly belongs, i.e., the political vocabulary (Section 6). Dispelling another set of fallacies about the  relationship  of  water and climate,  also investigated here (Section  5)  could  be equally useful.The potential usefulness  relies  on at  leasttwo facts.  Highlighting  the  stochastic character  of  climateand  its  huge  variability helps us understand  the  failure  of  current deterministic modelling approaches in describing past climate,and points to a potentially more   promising   direction   in   climate modelling   within   a   stochastic   framework. Highlighting the strong role of water in the climate can help shake the prevailing views on roles and causality chains in climatic processes, which may currently be opposite the real ones."

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/6/849