For those who don't understand hoe Lichtman's model works:
Key 1 to 11 are assessments of the incumbent Whitehouse party, not the party's sitting president and and other-party challengers.
Key 1 - Party Mandate. if the incumbent party loses seats in the midterms, that is a key against the incumbent party.
Key Turned Against the Democrats
Key 2 - No party contest for the next candidate - If the incumbent party descends into an internal fight over its next candidate, the key turns against the incumbent party - Think Hillary Clinton, Bernie Sanders and Joe Biden in 2016.
Key Turned For the Democrats
- While there was no party contest, as it turned out, the public perceived this as blatant undemocratic 'anointing'.
Key 3 - Incumbent seeking re-election - Biden was not seeking reelection -
Key Turned Against the Democrats
Key 4 - No third party - RFK Jr dropped out -
Key Turned For the Democrats
Key 5 - Strong short-term economy - Economy is not in recession -
Key Turned For the Democrats
Key 6 - Strong long-term economy - economic data forecasts strong growth in US beyond 2024 -
Key Turned For the Democrats
Key 7 - Major policy change - Abortion -
Key Turned For the Democrats
Key 8 - No social unrest - No visible social upheaval (think 60s, Rodney King, BLM riots
Key Turned For the Democrats
This is controversial, as Millennials and Zoomers tend to register deep dissatisfaction via social media, than burning buildings, smashing windows and upturning cars,
Key 9 - No scandal - This must be a scandal that involves the president directly - i,e, not his family, relatives or friends - Think Watergate. Carter's reprobate brother did not affect Carter's popularity.
Key Turned For the Democrats
Key 10 - No foreign or military failure. Gaza was considered a failure -
Key Turned Against the Democrats
Key 11 - Major foreign or military success - Controversially, Lichtman considered US involvement in Ukraine and reinvigorating the NATO alliance as a success.
Key Turned For the Democrats
Key 12 - Charismatic incumbent - A very high standard is applied here. Think FDR, JFK, Reagan.
Key Turned Against the Democrats
Key 13 - Uncharismatic challenger - Another very high standard key - Think Reagan.
Key Turned For the Democrats
Lichtman accepts he got key 2 wrong.
He should also consider Key 11 as one he got wrong, as well.
Also, as it turned out, Lichtman should consider that he may have got Key 13 wrong - Charisma is not always dependent on being likable - just that, by force of personality alone, the challenger can sway more than enough people to the cause to win.