MeisterEckhart
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One of the side effects of Orwell’s 1984 is that it can cause a form of infantile arrested development on its readers’ perception of totalitarian power such that, like the infantile perception of parental omniscience and omnipotence, totalitarian systems are necessarily as sensitive and as effective as a nervous system, capable of ending the ‘pain’ of political/ economic/ social heterodoxy everywhere instantly.
While, of course, that is exactly what totalitarians want those subjugated by it to believe, the truth is that totalitarian rule can sometimes be remarkably ineffective – at least initially – in identifying, and then responding to, dissent with an iron fist. Crackdowns while necessarily brutal, must ultimately be intermittent. It’s a case of - you can terrorise some of the people all the time and all the people some of the time…
In the case of the CCP, after the death of Mao, it was forced to accept that the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution were horrific mistakes. They did so by deflecting blame from ‘the great helmsman’ to ‘the gang of four’ in Stalinist show trials primarily to exonerate Mao and thereby absolve the CCP of blame for these ‘errors’.
Dealing with the breakout of farmers’ independent expression of economic freedom could not be so easily halted by tanks and guns, or show trials, after the people had survived so much under CCP rule – after all, ‘starve me once, shame of you, starve me twice, shame on me’ – notwithstanding that there was the imminent threat of national economic collapse.
Yes, economic change was necessary, but the CCP never intended to achieve that by acknowledging or granting farmers economic independence from its total CCP control.
The CCP was forced to go along with this independence until it could reimpose total state control.
However, in the interim, what Deng and the CCP feared, and the democratic world anticipated, was that this economic freedom they were forced for the time being to tolerate, would lead to popular demand for social and political freedom – a direct existential threat to the CCP and its monopoly of power.
Their fears were well founded, as that is exactly what happened during the 1980s, culminating in the 1989 Tiananmen Square massacre.
That massacre demonstrated what the wielders of totalitarian power, when threatened with annihilation, can brutally and effectively achieve via targeted orgies of blood and death on the people whose well-being they claimed to ensure and defend.
After Tiananmen Square, China’s economic future was back under the iron fist of the CCP.
And those rural farmers? Their children and their children’s children became slaves to a new and, once again, fully state-controlled economy – something Hong Kongers can ‘look forward’ to: totalitarian retribution for their demanding economic/ social/ political freedom.
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