Prior to federation, some states blocked voting by Aboriginals and non-Europeans. There is no right to vote in the Australian Constitution except the negative. 'No adult person who has or acquires a right to vote at elections for the more numerous House of the Parliament of a State shall, while the right continues, be prevented by any law of the Commonwealth from voting at elections for either House of the Parliament of the Commonwealth'.
https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/SydLawRw/2014/10.pdfIn 1902 the Commonwealth Franchise Act excluded "natives of Australia, Asia, Africa and the Pacific Islands (other than New Zealand)" from the federal franchise, unless they were already enrolled to vote in an Australian state. In 1925, Indians and Asian Australians could vote. The Commonwealth Electoral Act 1961 removed the disqualification on Africans and Pacific Islanders.
Like freedom of speech, voting is not protected in the constitution but is 'implied' - maybe we have rights, maybe not. However, voting, as a possibility, is compulsory which is strange. Free speech against being forced to vote is not enough to escape its grip.