Australia is confronted by three big changes in our strategic circumstances that are making our steady-as-you-go approaches to security and economic development untenable.
We face a markedly increased risk of war in the Indo-Pacific; the global economy is restructuring rapidly in adverse ways; and the Australian economy has stalled with essentially zero productivity growth, declining international competitiveness and a flight of much-needed investment.
If we ignore these fundamental changes in our circumstances we will see Australia reduced to a weak and vulnerable backwater state within a decade. We urgently need to recalibrate, develop a new vision for our future and launch serious reforms.
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The second strategic challenge is the rapid restructuring of the global economy, driven by China dumping its vast manufacturing surpluses into global markets.
This, in turn, is triggering tariff and other emergency protective measures to be taken by the US, most of Europe, democratic Asia and increasing numbers of developing countries. The origins of this global economic crisis lie in the decision of the Clinton administration in the US to support China’s accession to the World Trade Organisation in 2001. At the time it was widely assumed that Beijing would abide by the WTO rules, its economic opening would lead to political liberalisation and China would become a “responsible international citizen”.
In joining the WTO,
China promised to lower its tariffs, eliminate non-tariff barriers, protect the property rights of foreign investors and open its markets to American and other international producers. However,
China kept very few of these promises. Instead, it heavily subsidised its own industries and used a wide range of other mercantilist practices to penetrate, and ultimately dominate, key foreign markets.
This has led to the widespread de-industrialisation of the US, Australia, Britain and most other developed economies. Entire industrial regions in the US and elsewhere have collapsed, and millions of people have lost their jobs. The strategic impact of this vast industrial transfer has been huge.
In 2004, US manufacturing output was double that of China. But by 2020 Chinese manufacturing output was double that of the US. This industrial imbalance has grown worse during the past three years. When China’s economy failed to recover fully from the Covid disruptions, its housing sector contracted, consumption fell and many Chinese businesses stalled. This led Beijing to stimulate the economy in part by encouraging many manufacturers to continue expanding production capacity.
In several key product categories, including electric vehicles and solar panels, China has now built more production capacity than is needed to supply the entire globe. However, with domestic demand weak, the only way for many manufacturers to stay afloat has been to send their growing production surpluses into overseas markets at low prices.
This dumping of China’s manufacturing surpluses is considered intolerable by the US, most of Europe and many other countries. The tsunami of cheap Chinese products is destroying the strategic industries of many countries, undermining their economies and rendering them more vulnerable to any new economic or geo-strategic shocks.
Not surprisingly, a strong fightback is under way. Western investment into China is at its lowest level in 30 years. Many American and European companies are reducing their footprints in China and some are leaving entirely.
Tariff and other protective measures are proliferating. The US already has 50 per cent tariffs on Chinese semiconductors, solar cells and medical products. It also has 25 per cent tariffs on Chinese steel, aluminium and batteries, and 25-100 per cent tariffs on Chinese electric vehicles. Trump’s policy is to impose a 60 per cent tariff on all Chinese goods, with a possible 20 per cent additional tariff following.
Nearly all of Europe is introducing 27-48 per cent tariffs on Chinese electric vehicles, and 20-48 per cent tariffs on Chinese steel and other metals are being considered. Canada has imposed a 100 per cent tariff on Chinese electric vehicles and India has imposed 15-125 per cent tariffs on Chinese vehicles. India also has announced 30 per cent tariffs on most Chinese foods.
A rising number of developing countries also have joined the push back. Indonesia has imposed 200 per cent tariffs on Chinese textiles and other light manufactured goods, Turkey has introduced a 40 per cent tariff on Chinese electrical vehicles, and Brazil and Chile have announced tariffs on Chinese steel products.
https://www.theaustralian.com.au/inquirer/business-as-usual-on-china-will-ruin-u...